Defending Hard Determinism Against the Strongest...

Defending Hard Determinism Against the Strongest Objections Raised Against It In this academic essay there will be a clear and defined description of both hard determinism and its eventual nemesis indeterminism. Based on these definitions there will be a personal attempt at denying hard determinism. This will be accomplished through the introduction of David Hume and his radical philosophy on causality and the relation this may have on hard determinism, as well as the various possibilities it may distinguish. Furthermore the Causal Principle will also be introduced and slandered in its incapability to provide a concrete defense for hard determinism and its potential in proposing a solution†¦show more content†¦Necessary connection suggests that the common concept of causality is that the cause and the effect are necessarily connected- that is that if the cause occurs, the effect must occur as well; the effect cannot but occur. (David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Section 7) Hume suggests that this perception of Necessary connection is wrong and states the following: â€Å"In considering the operation of causes, we are never able, in a single instance, to discover any power or necessary connection; any quality which binds the effect to the cause, and renders the one an infallible consequence of the other. We only find, that the one does actually, in fact follow the other. Consequently, there is not, in any single, particular instance of cause and effect, anything which can suggest the idea of power or necessary connection.† (David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Section 7) Hume further strengthens his claim by exerting that there are no objects which by the mere survey, without consulting experience, we can determine to be the cause of any other, and no objects, which we can certainly determine in the same manner not to be the causes. (David Hume, AnShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagessocioeconomic shifts that represented watershed transformations in where humans lived, how they earned their livings, and their unprecedented ability to move about the globe. Moya and McKeown set the patterns of migration in the twentieth century against those extending back millennia, and they compare in imaginative ways the similarities and differences among diverse flows in different geographical areas and across ethnic communities and social strata. They consider not only the nature, volumeRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages the two lists are very similar. Regardless of whether respondents are CEOs or first-line supervisors, whether they work in the public sector or the private sector, their skills are quite easily identifiable and agreed upon by observers. It is not hard to recognize and describe the skills of effective managers. What Are Management Skills? There are several defining characteristics of management skills that differentiate them from other kinds of managerial characteristics and practices. FirstRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pages signalling, constraint, surveillance, motivation, and others. Yet we use a single descriptor—management control systems—to describe these distinctly diVerent processes. In his subsequent writings on levers of control (Simons 1995), he argued against the traditional opposition of centralized versus decentralized modes of control, suggesting instead that contemporary management control systems must Wnd ways to combine elements of control with elements of empowerment. He suggested that the achievement

Into The Wild By Chris Mccandless Essay - 1747 Words

Into the Wild is a true story based on Chris McCandless’s life. A young, prestigious graduate of Emory University who is found dead at twenty-four years old in the Alaskan wilderness in September 1992. Chris McCandless was very gifted athlete and scholar, and possessed important qualities such as passion, intensity, and high morals. McCandless discovers his father’s fatal secret and it upsets Chris’s whole life as his parents continually hide it from their family. Upon Chris’s graduation from Emory University, he anonymously donates his $25,000 savings to charity, and abandons everything he has ever know including his real name and social security number along the way. Chris McCandless is never to be heard from again as he pursues his dreams of inherently traveling into the wilderness. Jon Krakauer was born on April 12, 1954 to a doctor and amateur mountaineer. Krakauer grew up in Oregon and began mountain climbing at eight years old. Jon Krakauer graduate d from Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts. Krakauer’s biggest success is being a journalist with his work being published in some of the most iconic periodicals including the New York Times, the Washington Post, Rolling Stones, National Geographic, and much more. Jon Krakauer devoted most of his free time climbing and spending time outdoors where he then wrote novels about his experiences. Jon Krakauer, Chris McCandless, and the novel Into the Wild are all closely related. Krakauer reported having an immediateShow MoreRelatedInto the Wild by Chris McCandless710 Words   |  3 PagesIn Jon Krakauer’s, Into The Wild, Chris McCandless conveys this idealism through his life’s journey as he bravely defies all limitations. Chris McCandless isolates himself from society in his Alaskan Odyssey as a way to defy accepted expectations and to begin discovering the meanings of life without any corrupted influences. Chris McCandless â€Å"had been raised in the comfortable upper-middle-class environs of Annandale, Virginia† (Krakauer 19) so growing up, McCandless lived a considerably privilegedRead MoreThe Wild By Chris Mccandless902 Words   |  4 Pagescare about to live in the wild. In the movie Into the Wild, a man does just that. Into the Wild is a movie where a man named, Chris McCandless (aka Alexander Supertramp) ventures out into the world to go to the Alaskan Wilderness. For two years he has been building relationships with people, goes through different jobs, while also hiding from the authorities and his family. He left behind his home, family, friends, and society to explore the wildlife. Despite Chris McCandless s adventurous, confidenceRead MoreInto The Wild By Chris Mccandless1989 Words   |  8 PagesIn April of 1992, a young man of the age of twenty-four, later determined to be Chris McCandless body, was discovered in an old Fairbanks bus in the Alaskan bush. 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In Donald’s case, studies show that his large Achilles tendon was the reasonRead MoreInto The Wild By Chris Mccandless1157 Words   |  5 Pa gesInto the Wild details the events that lead to the death of the pretentious Chris McCandless. An overconfident vagabond, McCandless causes his own death. Krakauer does his best to turn McCandless into a sympathetic, relatable figure, by appealing to the reader’s logic and emotion, but ultimately fails. By exploring McCandless’ personality and background, Krakauer makes an appeal to logos. From the very start, Krakauer states â€Å"Alaska has long been a magnet for dreamers and misfits†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (4). Is McCandlessRead MoreInto the Wild: Chris McCandless is a Coward1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthese multiple deaths. â€Å"The valiant never taste of death but once†, a quote said by William Shakespeare. Throughout the novel of Into the Wild by Jon Krakeur, Chris McCandless is thought to be a courageous hero by many. However, it is not recalled for a courageous person to take on the role of a wanderlust knowing the result is highly fatal. Walt and Billie McCandless, Chris’s parents, have been making funeral arrangements for the last two days, but in a way, they have been making funeral arrangementsRead MoreChris Mccandless s Into The Wild2337 Words   |  10 Pagessituations. Chris McCandless, subject of Jon Krakauer’s successful novel, Into the Wild, met his fate in the Alaskan wilderness. McCandless donated all his money to OXFAM America after double majoring in anthropology and history at Emory University, then walked away from his old life. He took on the name Alexander Supertramp, and the next time his family would see him would be as a corpse, brought to his knees by nature’s unforgiving presence. At the beginning of his travels, McCandless â€Å"tramped aroundRead MoreChris Mccandless s Into The Wild1080 Words   |  5 Pagesor apathetic to invest against their comfort zones. People in today’s society struggle with trying to find their inner selves--their interpersonal expeditions. In the novel, Into the Wild, Chris McCandless was oblivious to the external world. He was raised from a wealthy family from the Washington D.C region. Chris has been a man who wanted to create a divergent life for himself by making the decision to travel around the Alaskan Wilderness. Why would he be so selfish to throw away his fortunateRead MoreChris Mccandless s Into The Wild1570 Words   |  7 Pages Chris McCandless and Holden Caulfield are two boys who both disagree with their current societies and decide to escape to discover their identities. In Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, Chris McCandless never seems to regret his decision to leave, while Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye begins appreciating his life more and shortly returns home to his family. After leaving the comfort and security of their homes, Chris McCandless feels finally liberated from society, whereas Holden CaulfieldRead MoreAnalysis Of Into The Wild By Chris Mccandless753 Words   |  4 PagesInto the wild by Jon Krakauer is a true journey of a man named Chris McCandless who wanted to escape from the norms of the modern tendency of social comformandy, although his journey eventually came up short. Christopher McCandless engulfed the philosophy from American poet Henry David Thoreau of having less government and pro self sufficiency with ties to nature and beauty of having freedom in his surroundings . McCandless shared his views from American poet Henry David Thoreau . Chris McCandless

Chemistry Energy Levels free essay sample

The energy of the subshell increases as follows:4slt;4plt;4dlt;4f * â€Å"4s† has the greatest probability of being close to the nucleus * Subshells are limited to # of electrons they can hold ( 2 electrons per orbital) s=21s orbital d=105d orbital p=63p orbitals f=147f orbitals Assessment * How many p subshells are in the 4th energy level (n=4)? 34px 4py 4pz * What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4p subshell? each p subshell can hold 2 electrons and therefore there are 3p orbitals with 2 electrons * What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 4th energy 322n2=2(4)2 =2(16) =32 Creating Energy Level Diagrams * Used to show the relative energies of electrons in various orbitals under normal conditions * Each orbital is indicated by a separate circle/square * All orbitals of a given subshell have the same energy. Ie. The 3p orbitals in the 3p sublevels have the same energy * The spacing between successive subshells decreases as the number of subshells increases overlapping of shells having different values of n. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry Energy Levels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Assessment 1. How many d orbitals exist? 5 2. How many electrons can exist in the 3d orbitals? 10-2 in each of the 5d orbitals 3. How many electrons can exist in the n=2 level? 8-remember 2n2=2(2)2=8 4. How many electrons can one 4f orbital hold? 14-2 in each of the 7f orbitals 5. Which has a higher energy a px, py, or pz orbital? They all have the same energy. 6. Which electron can be found furthest from the nucleus:2s or 3s? 3s electrons 7. Which electrons can be found furthest from the nucleus:2s or 2p. 2p is further. Fig. 3. 19 Arrow Orbital Notation Aka Orbital Diagrams * Use circles or squares for the orbitals and arrows for the electrons * RULES: * The Aufbau Principal- electrons will occupy lowest available energy level * Pauli Exclusion Principal- no two electrons have the same quantum numbers * Hund’s Rule – electrons remain unpaired for as long as possible. Ex: One electrons goes in each Px, Py, Pz, before they start to pair up Fig 3. 21 Electron Configuration Provides the same information as an energy level diagram but in a more concise format. * Li: 1s2 2s1 C:1s2 2s2 2p2 * Ne: 1s2 2s2 2p? Use the following concept map to help to determine the filling order of the orbitals: * The similarity among elements within groups and the structure of the periodic table can be explained by electron configuration * Li: 1s2 2s1 * Na: 1s2 2s2 2p? 3s1 Short Hand Notation -Use symbol of noble gas with the same core electron configuration: Ex. Na [1s2 2s2 2p? ]3s1 Or [Ne] 3s1 Some unexpected Electron Configuration * Example: Cru and Cu Expected Actual Cr: [Ar] 4s2 3d? [Ar] 4s1 3d? Cu: [Ar] 4s2 3d? [Ar] 4s1 3d10 In each case, an electron is borrowed from the 4s subshell and placed in the 3d subshell. * Cr-3d subshell becomes half-filled * Cu-3d subshell becomes full * Half-filled and fully filled subshells tend to be more stable * Other expectations: Ag: [Kr] 4s2 3d10 Au: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 Explaining Ion Charges * Remember s electrons are lost before d electrons when dealing with transition metals. Ex1. Zn Zn: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 Zn2+: [Ar] 3d10 (4s electrons are lost so that the 3d orbital remains full) Ex2. Pb Pb: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2 Pb2+: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6p2 (The 6s electrons are lost) Pb4+: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 (The 6p electrons are lost as well as the 6s electrons) Quantum Numbers * Electron waves (orbitals) can be characterized by a set quantum numbers, n, l, ml, ms Principle quantum number (n): * Identifies the energy of an electron in an orbital * All orbitals that have the same value of n are said to be in the same shell * Range from n=1 to n=infinity * Determines the size of the electron wave how far the wave extends from the nucleus * As n increases the energies of the orbitals also increase Secondary quantum number (l): Divides the shells into smaller groups called subshells * n determines the values of l * for any given n, l may range from l=0 to l=n-1 * identifies the shape of the orbital Value of l| 0| 1| 2| 3| Letter designation| s(shape)| p(principle)| d(diffuse)| f(fundamental)| Magnetic quantum number (ml): * splits the subshells into individual orbits * identifies the orientation of the orbital * for any given value of l, ml has a value ranging from +l to –l * e. g. If l=0, ml=0; for l=1, ml=+1, 0, -1 which correspond to the x, y and z orientations of the p orbitals.